What Kind Of Doctor Treats Leg Pain

scanned

A ticket in September announced that the Journal would numismatics "soon" in Perseus (portal of journals in the humanities).
few months ago, suggested a beta version Perseus (Perseus 2) parallel to its "normal" version.
Last month, talks are continuing on the issue of explicit assignment of copyright in the online publication of recent articles in the RN.
And now that I may not announced anywhere:

1. 2 Perseus becomes the consultation interface by default ( apparently it's been two months ...). The
2. Numismatic Journal is available for the years 1958-2003

I do not like the colors (the text is quite gray), but the interface is very responsive, pleasant, rebounds are many: can circulate in the collections without going through the search engine (to the desirability of a structured a simple search engine).
The user has the ability to create an account to personalize their space , etc..
- about it, when will the French institutions they understand that when you create 50 accounts, typically 50 times using the same password, and therefore it is important that this password does not appear in light on the network. Not on the screen, of course, but there are very easy to use software to find out what his neighbor when he sailed into http and not https.
To date, neither Gallica 2, nor in its former Europeana version, or Perseus 2, use of https for the login screen.

I derived from my initial purpose. Note
heading Research Article offering to upload the gray literature (all written, conferences, etc.. Flowing a little under the mantle, are not published but are an important part of scientific production ). This is another item in the project (a little hollow), but a good idea anyway.
I let you play with Panorama Perseus 2. It's a bit tiring in the long run, but very playful.
It's missing, just like Calames , A blog Perseus 2, which we keep abreast of developments and prospects of the interface.

Autoimmune Disorders And Flu Shot

Moneys Episcopal Lodève

I stumbled upon this page devoted to the cult of St. Fulcran Lodeve to, the following statement in the paragraph entitled "Currency":

Bishop and temporal leader, so he must also interpret the figure of Pierre Raimond Fulcran had engraved on Lodève money. All are named "Fulcran" , some the word "Sanctus" . The greater part are within the scope of a bust mitred face with the legend " eps: lodove " (Bishop Lodève). Usually at this time, particularly in the south, where the saint is depicted on a coin, his chest cut down by the legend. Nothing like the currency or bust Lodévois Fulcran does not cut the legend.

And the author of the page explains that according to me (in my thesis School of charters):

"This fact suggests that Fulcran is represented here as much as bishop saint. Singularity related to the drafting contemporary of Life (by Pierre de Millau) and the evident willingness of Bishop Pierre Raymond highlight political action of Fulcran, enterprising lords faces, same situation for himself, in a political and religious eventful to say the least. "

If this conclusion had been someone else I would have written on this blog that its author had been extremely aggressive in its interpretation.
How the simple fact that a legend is cut or not by the bust makes it whether it is a bishop or a saint who is represented - especially if it ' is the same person.

Feeling accused (by myself!) for these methods unscientific, I publish here the full reflection brought me to this hypothesis .


____________________________________

Lodève (diocese)

Bompaire (Mark), "The coinage of the bishops on behalf of Lodeve St. Fulcran " Hérault Studies, 1995-1996, No. 26-27, p. 15-22.

- The monetary circulation in Languedoc ( X e-XIII th century) , Thesis doct., History, Paris IV -Sorbonne, 2002, t . III, Uzes, Lodeve, Mende, P. 6-12.

BONNET (Emile), Currencies bishops Lodève , Montpellier, 1900, 17 p.

Chaudruc of CRAZANNES (Baron Jean-Marie), "On the currency of the bishops Lodève" RN, 1844, No. 9, p. 435-440.

Faure ST VINCENNES (Jules) Memory on the coins which were current in Provence since the end of the Western Empire until XVI th century " History of Provence, dir. Father Jean Papon, Paris, Moutard, 1778-1784, t. II-III.

MOLINIER (A.), "Acts of Philip Augustus unreleased" CLB , 1876, p. 381-386.

Requien (Spirit), "Note on some currencies unpublished Calvet museum. Find Rochegude (Drôme) " RN, 1844, No. 9, p. 124-127.

TEMPLE (Antoine), Coin of the Archaeological Society of Montpellier, inventory of medieval coins , graduate degree, Montpellier, 1967, p. 159-160, pl. vii, 1.

VIDAL (Henry), "The first Life of St. Fulcran and the triumph of the episcopate in Lodève xii th century", Annales du Midi , 1965, No. 7, p. 7-20.

Date concession	1188
Period strike	XI e XIII- e century
Beneficiary	bishop?
patron saint	Saint bothered
Province	Languedoc
Diocese	Lodève
Ecclesiastical Province	Narbonne

Diocese

Saint Fulcran 949-1006
Matfroi 1006-1015
Olimbel 1015-v. 1035
Bernard I er v. 1040-1049
Bernard II 1050
Rostaing v. 1054-v. 1070
Bernard III de Provenchères v. 1072-1099
Dieudonné I er de Chalus 1100-1102
Pierre I er Raimond 1102-1154
Pierre II de Posquières 1155-1161
Gaucelin-Raimond de Montpeyroux 1162-1187
Raimond-Guillaume de Montpellier 1187-1201
Pierre III de Frotier 1201-1207
Pierre IV de Lodève 1207-1237
Bertrand I er de Mornay 1237-1241
Guillaume I er de Casouls 1241-1259
Raimond I er Bellin 1259-1262
Raimond Berenger II Adolf 1263-1279
I st of Boussagues
Berenger II 1279-1284 1285-1290 Guitard
Bernard IV de Poitiers 1290
Gaucelin Guard
Itier 1290-1296 Bordeaux 1296-1302 Dieudonne
II Boussagues 1302-1312 1313-1314
Bernard V
Puy Guillaume II 1314-1316 William III
Mandagot 1316-1317
Gui I st
1317 Jacques I st of Concos 1317-1321 Jean
I st of Tissandière 1322-1323
Bernard VI Guyonne 1324-1331
Bertrand II Mas 1332-1348

I. Obtaining a right to strike in several stages

acts affecting the money question is for Lodève outnumber known currencies. Yet references to currencies Lodévois are rare, and never outside the episcopal city, and the copies are to date the number of five to seven , two different types.

Apparently the bishop does not change until the second half of xii th century. In 1157, Louis VII (1137-1180) assigns the rights to the sovereign Lodève Church and Bishop Pierre Posquieres II (1155-1161), and confirms, among other privileges, possession of silver mines and other metals in its territory. However it is not expressly question of money. In 1160 and 1162, the licensing of the regalia is confirmed again. But the right to strike appears for the first time in a royal diploma in 1188: that date, Philippe Auguste (1180-1223) takes the form of confirmation of previous acts, adding a few new rights from the list of sovereign rights which the bishop has, including the right to strike . This was it implicit in the earlier acts? It is difficult to compare the actions of Louis VII Lodève with other monetary concessions of the sovereign, because they are few. A Mende, where the king grants the royal rights to the bishop in 1161-1162, the situation is equally troubling: the currency is not mentioned, but the Bishop of Mende strikes soon after, probably as a result of the invention of the relics of St. Privat. In Uzès, the coinage is recognized, but clearly identified as existing: it is not the case in the diploma of Philip Augustus in 1188 for Lodeve. This finding suggests that in 1188, the Episcopal Lodève workshop is perhaps not yet.

It is not impossible that the bishop of Lodeve, having received the regalia as bishop of Mende, and seeing it begin to monetize, has requested from the king of France for confirmation the right to strike under the concession regalia.

In 1189, Bishop Raymond-Guillaume de Montpellier (1187-1201) appointed a tester ( probator ) for three years . This is the true start of the workshop.

In 1210, the king once again confirms the right to strike and regulates the circulation of money Lodève. Activity the workshop seems attested into the second half of xiii e century. In 1271, the lord of Clermont to the bishop recognizes the right to make money. Finally in 1285, when the last entry, an attorney for the bishop banned the use of other currencies as gambling, tournaments and Lodève:

prohibens not Turonensis alia quam, vel parisiensis lodovensi uteretur.

It is more than probable that to date no money Lodévois was hardest hit.

Acts of granting the right to strike, in 1188, 1210 and 1271, states that the currency can circulate throughout the diocese, per totum episcopatum .

II. Typology

Despite the small number of surviving pieces, and even fewer of the type used, the currency of Lodeve is a very interesting case for both the iconography itself as the structure of images and captions.

A. Saint Fulcran

Both workshops Lodève out are: Prime

type: EPS LODOVE Bust mitred front . On the reverse: S. FVLCRANNVS Cross. Second

type: FVLCRANNVS CBS topped with a tilde in the field . On the reverse: EPS LODOVE Cross Toulouse.

Saint Fulcran, Family Counts of Substantion and lords of Montpellier, became bishop in 949 Lodève, elected by the chapter (it is first canon of Maguelonne), and died in 1006. He is canonized in 1150, shortly before the supposed date of the appearance of coinage.

The Episcopal church is still dedicated to St. bothered people in the acts of 1157 and 1162. The cult of St. Fulcran develops relatively late. His Life written xii e century bishop represents the Lodève x e century saint Fulcran extolling the episcopal power. But the xii e century is the moment of a power struggle between the bishop and the viscount. But writing the Vita St. Fulcran do that probably dates from 1196-1201, that is to say, it is after the victory of the bishop on the Lord lay, who renounces his rights 1187. The cult of St. Fulcran is not operated during the struggle against the viscount, but immediately after, "to establish an episcopal authority yet fragile. " The use of his image on coins obeys the same project, while at the same time is an imitation of the attitude of the Bishop of Mende, which currency to the bust of St. Privat.

B. Saint Fulcran, busts and coins of Languedoc originality Lodève

The question arises whether the currency is Lodève imitated that of Mende. It is itself taken up and adapted to the type of Bishops of Clermont to the Virgin from the front, cutting the legend. But the bust of St. Fulcran does not cut the legend.

Here, in our corpus, the list of workshops striking busts face does not cut the legend. They are not arranged chronologically, as it does not restore the order of appearance of a type, but to characterize a phenomenon.

The bust face does not cut the legend

Workshop	Reference	Century Issue	Issue Dates	Beneficiary
Avignon	VIII.4.	end e xiii-xiv early th century	1294-1303	Boniface VIII
Avignon	VIII.9.	xiv th century	1316-1334	John XXII
Cambrai	XA8.	xiii th century	1248/1249-1273	Nicolas III Fountains
Cambrai	XA9.	thirteenth century	1249-1274	Nicolas III Fountains
Cambrai	XA11.	thirteenth century	1274	episcopal vacancy
Cambrai	XA12.	late thirteenth century	1274-1286	Enguerrand II Créquy
Cambrai	XA13.	late thirteenth century	1274-1286	Enguerrand II Créquy
Cambrai	XA15.	late thirteenth century	1286-1296	William of Hainault
Cambrai	XA17.	end thirteenth and early fourteenth century	1300-1306	Guy II Colmieu
Cambrai	XA21.	early fourteenth century	1306-1309	Philippe de Marigny
Cambrai	XA25.	early fourteenth century e	1309-1324	Peter III of Levis-Mirepoix
Cambrai	XA26.	early fourteenth century e	1309-1324	Peter III of Levis-Mirepoix
Die	IX.FDie.2.	late thirteenth century e	1285-1297	John II of Geneva
Die	IX.FDie.3.	xiv th century	1320-1325	Guillaume de Roussillon
Laon	XIII.D.5.	x th century	986-987	Adalberon
Laon	XIII.D.10.	xii th century	1151-1174	Gauthier I st or Gauthier II
Laon	XIII.D.11.	xii end e century	1175-1201	Roger I st of Rosoi
Laon	XIII.D.12.	end e xii-xiii early th century	1175-1201	Roger I st of Rosoi
Laon	XIII . D.13.	early fourteenth century e	1310-1315	Turf II
Lodève	XIV.C.2.	xii th century
Metz	XVI.A.80.	xiv th century	1327-1361	Adhemar de Monteil
Reims	VII.D.10.	x th century	991-995	Gerbert
Saint-Die	XVI.F.2.	end xii th century		Duke of Lorraine
Saint-Paul-Trois-Chateaux	IX.E.13.	xiv th century	1328-1348	Hugh Aimeri
Toul	XVI.E.30.	xiv th century	1309-1320	Jean d'Arzilières
Toul	XVI.E.38.	xiv th century	1330-1353	Thomas Bourlémont
Toul	XVI.E.39.	xiv th century	1330-1353	Thomas Bourlémont
Verdun	XVI.I.11.	xi th century	1046-1089	Thierry
Verdun	XVI.I.12.	xi th century	1046-1089	Thierry
Vienna	IX.A.25.	late fourteenth century e
Viviers	XIV.H.9.	xiv th century	1326-1330	Adhemar II

Except Die coins showing the bust of the Virgin, all These pieces have such a bust as a bishop, possibly a secular lord. The type of the head of Vienna is also facing separate: it is supposed to represent the head of St. Maurice, but it is an imitation.

So the norm - the exceptions mentioned above - is that the bust represented the face that does not intersect the legend are individuals of flesh and bone, not saints. The converse is also true: busts face intersecting the legend are generally representations of saints. Exceptions to this last "rule" are: bust mitred at Arles, which is sometimes surrounded by the legend designating St. Trophime, but not always, the papal busts on certain issues Avignon; three currencies Metz and Strasbourg.

The bust of St. Fulcran, meanwhile, does not cut the legend. This is surprising: one under the findings have just been made, secondly because in the region, that the bishop wants Lodève draw on funds from Clermont, Souvigny, or of Mende Saint-Martial de Limoges, there are only representations of busts cutting the legend. The explanation could be as follows: St. Fulcran is highlighted in Lodève time former bishop of the city, perhaps more than as a saint. The content of his written Life appears at the time the coinage was raised: it is his action in the century that is highlighted, its ability to fight against the ambitions of secular lords. It is more than holy bishop. And this is revealed with a second aspect: the distribution of legends.

It is not customary, when a currency is on the bust of a saint and his name, that the bust is on a face and name on the other. The legend that is mitred around the bust - this is not a head-reliquary, but the representation of the holy bishop in - is not CBS FVLCRANNVS, as can be seen at Mende and elsewhere, but Lodovensis episcopus. Somehow, it's more money that the bishop who is well represented; by putting the name of Fulcran the reverse, there is a reluctance on the person represented in the field, and as a superposition between the bishop and Lodève his illustrious predecessor.

But perhaps there is this going too far in interpretation that can make these parts. What is indisputable however is that the distribution of legends with respect to types they surround is not "natural" or more exactly it is not common practice. However, as we have said repeatedly that the bishops are beginning to coin money late in the second half of xii e century, seeking instead to adopt existing practices that demonstrate originality . The fact that currencies Lodève differ from these practices must be understood as intentional. Another aspect

Lodévois currencies also makes specific: the constant link between the legends of the obverse and reverse, and between the rondeau and the field. All legends run from one side to the other: Sanctus Fulcrannus / Lodovensis episcopus. But the second type also creates a sense of play more often, which goes right to the scope of the legend of the right, then move to the reverse legend: it is the penny in the field for the abbreviation SCS for sanctus , which must obviously be read as preceding the entry of rondo, Fulcrannus .

All these aspects are the currencies of Lodeve a very special production, which only adds to the regret of numismatist at the small number of copies and varieties known. Description

Denier (medium xii e century):

XIV.C.1.

+ LODOVENS.EPS. Mitred Bust (miter retort) in the field.

℞ : + FVLCRANNVS Cross pattee in beading.

Duby, pl. xiv ; CRAZANNES, RN , 1844, p. 435.

Denier (medium xii th century):

XIV.C.2.

+ EPS • • • LODOVE mitred head face (miter retort) in beading.

℞ : S (clover) FVLCRAN.NV ' Cross pattee in beading.

PA 3860, No. 4909 ROBERTS, Dy, 2004, 1566.

then kept his legend, but the type of law is replaced by SCS in the field.

Pence (second half xii th century, perhaps after the settlement of 1188):

XIV.C.3.

+ FVLCRANVS CBS topped with beads in a sign of abbreviation.

℞ : + EPS LODOVE Maltese Cross with beads in a point at the end of each arm.

PA 3861, No. 3965 ROBERTS, Dy, 2004, 1567. This

denier, the Musée Calvet, known only by a single copy found in the buried treasure Rochegude early xiii e century (before 1210).

EVIDENCE

I.

1188. - Dies.

King Philippe Auguste of France (1180-1223) resumed the degree of his predecessor Louis VII (1137-1180) granted in 1162, confirming the privileges previously obtained by the bishops of Lodève "and especially" the right strikes. Philippe Auguste copies the contents of the deed of his father.

According to the edition of Marc Bompaire, The monetary circulation in Languedoc (x e - xiii th century) , Thesis doct., History, Paris IV -Sorbonne 2002, t. III, « Uzès, Lodève, Mende », p. 6, établie à partir du cartulaire de l’église de Lodève .

« […] Unde notum facimus universis tam presentibus quam futuris quod ecclesiae Beati martyris Genesii et episcopis quicumque ibi sederint et tibi presentialiter Gaucelino Lodovensi episcopo concedimus ac nostri privilegii auctoritate communimus in civitate seu in villa quae dicitur Lodova ecclesiam que est constructa in honore beati Genesii martyris et ipsam eamdem villam cum omnibus ad praefatam ecclesiam pertinentibus et vicariam ejusdem ville si qua est et licentiam faciendi in eadem villa et in omnibus ecclesie Lodovensis alodiis turres, munitiones, muros, portarum tuiciones, vallos […]. Inhibemus etiam ne dux vel comes seu alia potestas super jamdictam ecclesiam aut res ejus injustam exactionem exerceat aut domos aut bona decendentis episcopi occupet vel invadat. Adhuc eciam hujus nostrae sanctionis pagina concedimus tibi prefato episcopo regalia totius episcopatus Lodovensis, scilicet stratas, novas forcias et praecipue illas que fiunt in ecclesiis vel cimiteriis eorumque domibus vel pertinenciis et specialiter monetam regia auctoritate et accipiatur per totum episcopatum vestrum nec possint aliqui petere partem vel jus aliquid in moneta nostra, jus prohibendi facere novas monetas et novas forcias in toto episcopatu Lodovensi facultatem quoque exigendi fidelitates regi debitas et potestatem judiciariam omnium causarum tam civilium quam criminalium seu contradictione curie secularis et insuper minarias totius episcopatus Lodovensis quecumque jam aperte vel postmodum aperiende sunt que regii juris esse noscuntur. […] Actum publice Stampis, anno Incarnationis Verbi 1162°, regni vero nostri 26 […]. »

II.

1210.

Diplôme royal de Philippe Auguste (1180-1223) confirmant le droit de frappe des évêques de Lodève.

D’après l’édition de Marc BOMPAIRE, « Le monnayage des évêques de Lodève au nom de saint Fulcran " Hérault Studies, 1995-1996, n. ° 26-27, p. 18, established from the cartulary of the church Lodève.

The text is taken from the acts of 1162 and 1188.

III.

1271.

Charter of the lord of Clermont confirming the right to strike bishops Lodève.

According to Marc Bompaire edition, "The coinage of the Bishops of Lodève behalf of St. Fulcran" Hérault Studies, 1995-1996, n. ° 26-27, p. 18, established from the cartulary of the church Lodève.

IV.

1285.

Rules Attorney Bishop Lodève prohibiting the use of other currencies as the tournaments, the Paris and Lodève.

According to Marc Bompaire edition, "The coinage of the Bishops of Lodève behalf of St. Fulcran" Hérault Studies, 1995-1996, n. ° 26-27, p. 18, established from the cartulary of the church Lodève.

[...] does prohibens Turonensis alia quam, vel parisiensis lodovensi uteretur. [...]

Watch Friends Episodes Iphone

The monetary type of Saint-Gilles: article available on HAL

service HAL (Hyper Article Online) of the CNRS is a reservoir allowing all researchers to deposit their publications or projects online publication. I learned a few days ago I had quite the right to do so even without belonging to a lab (there is a "field laboratory" when one wants to file a story: I put "French Society of Numismatics).
I've put my article on the monetary type of Saint-Gilles.

I presented the conclusions which I reached in a previous post , and I received some comments, which I never answered correctly: they called research (on numismatics in the Middle East in particular) that I have not had time to do. I apologize and promise to try to answer one day and argue about all the flaws in my reasoning. But it will wait a bit ...
My article on the monetary type of Saint-Gilles is available here.

How Much Would A Topsy Turvy Cake Cost

Counting items in numismatics

I discovered by chance that the site Dialnet (English site, but also offers a French interface) remains issues of the journal numismatics since 1996 (and the equivalent Belgian magazine since 1996 also).
Base Article @ INIST remains 44 journals in history , but nothing directly on numismatics (or simply "the auxiliary sciences of history).
I'd be interested to know other databases (free) offering such recounts. Possibly the oldest and most especially for a large number of journals.
Because when I had to gather documentation on the guilder for a draft article little ambitious, I assumed that there was necessarily a (at least) reference book devoted to this currency, which identified the specimens, copies, written sources known, and so on.
I struggled to find (It is Mr. Bernocchi, della Republica fiorentina The monete . Florence, 1974, a tome is devoted to the guilder). And I find it used a bibliographic database pays off: bibliography of medieval civilization (published by Brepols).
That showed me all the limits of free and general character:

• unsystematic (what is Google Scholar? What is not? ... )
• heterogeneous (little or no rebound of a record to another, putting a limit, ultimately, the serendipity dear to the web 2: Currently, it is good to stroll, not methodical work).