idea which I do not know if she is suicidal or interesting: I have a draft article (which I hope will come). I created this ticket to give project status genesis.
So you read nonsense, caused by research that I have not yet done. This will give you the opportunity to do a good deed in my correct (rather than comments by email : "Research" does not advance masked). But maybe you also will see some good ideas to be extended.
I just moved to Manchester and I immediately attempted, without much illusion, numismatic perspective, knowing that there was no mint took place during the Middle Ages. Everything I found was, therefore, for 1543, a siege currency (currency of seat). It is therefore a modern play on the one hand and a piece of municipal other. Two sources of inefficiencies for me, and more so that currencies are a matter of necessity to study separately for numismatists, that I had never took the time to dig. Last
source of error in the sixteenth century, Manchester is the Dukes of Savoy (since the late fourteenth century). The bibliography is rather Italian and I know it hurt.
So many things to discover for me. Some I've already discovered, others are still ahead of me.
political and military aspects
Background In 1388, the Comtesse de Provence Nice gives the Duke of Savoy 1 . The term "county of Nice" appears only in 1526, designation as administration of the duchy of land (not county of Nice, therefore).
The Duke of Savoy Charles III (1504-1553) is a relative of King Francis I of France and Charles V, and can not find secure political position in the fight that led to two sovereigns in Italy.
In 1536, Francis st occupies a large part of the states of Knowledge, and Charles III folds into Nice.
Pope Paul III then forced st Francis and Charles V to meet for negotiations in Nice (Nice Congress - 1538) which he hopes to release a peace treaty and project of a crusade against the Turks. He obtained a truce of 10 years, and Charles III does not recover its occupied states.
Taking the refusal on the grounds of Charles V to invest a son of Francis I st the Duchy of Milan, King of France denounced the truce in 1542. In 1543 he led his army at Nice, while a Turkish fleet led by Khayr al-Din (known as Barbarossa) 2 .
seat
20,000 Franco-Turks are driven to earth by the Comte d'Enghien Francois de Bourbon, and 120 galleys are facing the port of Nice.
seat begins August 2, and the Franco-Turkish army managed to take the city, while the citadel resisted.
The arrival of Charles V and Charles III in September 1543 to help lift the siege.
It therefore lasts a month, in the absence of the Duke of Knowledge.
Money siege of Nice
Definition
siege coins appear in the sixteenth century, and are among the currencies of "necessity", issued by various authorities, where the lack of cash imposes an urgent replacement. Such currencies can not be designated as such and are only temporary swap, for which the issuer is the guarantor of their fiduciary value that will be repaid at the end of the crisis.
Money Nice is part of the first existing issues. It is known at least since the eighteenth century e 3 , but still rare and valuable for collectors.
Description and initial remarks
D: D SABAVDI KROLVS II in two rows in the field, separated by a point and a flower above and below the inscription, all in a scroll lined with beads.
R: NIC AND A GAL VTCR OBS 1543 in 3 lines in a scroll lined with beads.
This coin has a date (1543), place of issuance (Nice) and the description of the circumstances necessitating the issuance of the strike "to Turkish and Gallis obsession" ( besieged by Turks and Gauls ).
The titular Duke of Savoy is also present.
Several comments can already be made:
- The inscription is in Latin, not in the vernacular, as in most currencies siege
- On behalf of the Duke, away from Nice, what struck this piece, and not on behalf of the city.
- Numbering is "Charles II" and not "Charles III". I have no explanation to offer for that: Charles I reigned from 1482 to 1490, Charles II from 1490 to 1496 and Charles III from 1486 to 1553. Charles II, who became duke at the age of two years and died at age 8, did not really governed, the regency being provided by his mother Blanche of Montferrat. Perhaps it is not he taken into account ...
- The "guilty" (attackers) are designated on one side. In particular the French Army is designated as "Gallis" while on his coins and in his actions, King of France signs for centuries "Rex Francorum . The term of Gallia in the landscape numismatics, has never been used other than on the currencies of the Archbishops of Lyon, which means their city "Prima Sedes Galliarum. It is therefore extremely tempting to see in this choice of the term "Gaul" rather than "French" impairment (propaganda legitimate) enemies.
a "penalty of Nice to Savoy - Wikipedia," http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D% C3% A9dition_de_Nice_% C3% A0_la_Savoie & oldid = 34928796 [accessed 2 January 2009].
2 Francis first signed in 1536 an alliance with Suleiman the Magnificent, by a treaty called capitulations .
3 Peter Ancher Tobiesen Duby, General Collection of siege pieces and necessity, engraved in chronological order of events: with an explanation, in alphabetical order of historical events that have (Paris: At the widow of the author [etc.]., 1786) pl. 21, No. 3. Cited by Anatole de Barthelemy, "Coins of medieval novel - Memoirs and Essays," Numismatic Journal (1862): 26, http://books.google.com/books?id=jCkDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA373 & ; if dq =% C3% A8ge & ei = 1543 & hl = en d9FYSbHuI4vkywSrhvG6DA # PPA373, M1 .
